What we work on

A typical home, office, or factory floor now has dozens of small networked devices, speakers, sensors, locks, lights, gateways. Most have no keyboard, no screen, no good way to ask the user for a password. Traditional pairing flows (type the PIN on both devices, scan a QR code, log in to an app) don’t scale and erode security in practice.

The lab develops zero-involvement pairing and authentication (ZIPA): co-located devices independently observe the same physical environment, extract a shared key from it, and authenticate one another without any human action. We design new entropy sources, study the information-theoretic limits of context-based key extraction, and build threat models that capture real-world attacks against these systems.

Selected systems

  • VoltKey, continuous shared-key generation from local power-line noise. Deployable as a USB-power add-on.
  • Moonshine, online randomness distiller that nearly doubles NIST-test key quality from environmental sources.
  • SyncBleed → TREVOR, first realistic attack on ZIPA’s synchronization channel, plus a sync-free defense.
  • DESTION’24 attack, first successful signal-injection attack on a popular ZIPA algorithm.

Publications in this area

  • Not-so-Secret Authentication: The SyncBleed Attacks and Defenses for Zero-Involvement Authentication Systems

    Isaac Ahlgren, Rushikesh Shirsat, Omar Achkar, George K. Thiruvathukal, Kyu In Lee, Neil Klingensmith

    IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR) · 2025

  • A Signal Injection Attack Against Zero Involvement Pairing and Authentication for the Internet of Things

    Isaac Ahlgren, Jack West, Kyuin Lee, George K. Thiruvathukal, Neil Klingensmith

    ACM/IEEE Workshop on Design Automation for CPS and IoT (DESTION) · 2024

  • Secure, Usable and Practical Authentication for the Internet of Things

    Kyuin Lee

    PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison · 2022

  • AeroKey: Using Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation for Secure and Usable Wireless Device Authentication

    Kyuin Lee, Yucheng Yang, Omkar Prabhune, Aishwarya Lekshmi Chithra, Jack West, Kassem Fawaz, Neil Klingensmith, Suman Banerjee, Younghyun Kim

    Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT) · 2022

  • Moonshine: An Online Randomness Distiller for Zero-Involvement Authentication

    Jack West, Kyuin Lee, Suman Banerjee, Younghyun Kim, George K. Thiruvathukal, Neil Klingensmith

    ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) · 2021

  • Balancing Security and Usability of Zero-interaction Pairing and Authentication for the Internet-of-Things

    Kyuin Lee, Younghyun Kim

    ACM Workshop on CPS & IoT Security and Privacy (CPSIoTSec) · 2021

  • VoltKey: Continuous Secret Key Generation Based on Power Line Noise for Zero-Involvement Pairing and Authentication

    Kyuin Lee, Neil Klingensmith, Suman Banerjee, Younghyun Kim

    Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT) · 2019

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